The History and Clinical Context of Body Mass Index
Conceived in the 1830s by Belgian astronomer, mathematician, and statistician Adolphe Quetelet, the index was initially termed the "Quetelet Index." Quetelet devised the formula while developing "social physics"—a study aimed at defining the physical characteristics of the average human being across population cohorts.
Mathematical Formulas for BMI
In metric measurements, BMI is defined as body mass in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters:
BMI = Weight (kg) / [Height (m)]^2
In imperial units (pounds and inches), a conversion factor of 703 is applied to equalize the units:
BMI = [Weight (lbs) * 703] / [Height (in)]^2
While valuable for broad epidemiological studies tracking obesity trends across thousands of citizens, modern medicine recognizes that individual health evaluations should pair BMI with waist-to-hip ratio, blood lipid profiles, blood pressure, and cardiovascular fitness testing.